In this article, we have analyzed results from multiple clinical trial registry databases and focused specifically on the utilization of iPSCs as a first-line inclusion criterion. There have been considerable efforts to organize trends in stem cell research on a clinical-trial basis, though these studies have either not focused on iPSCs, or relied on only one database from which to draw conclusions. To this end, innumerable publications are available that cover both in vitro, and in vivo pre-clinical studies using iPSCs. Since being introduced in 2006, iPSCs have been heavily utilized in hopes of finding novel therapeutic approaches to, and studying the pathogeneses of, a host of disease conditions. Hence, the introduction of iPSCs has presented great potential, since unlike hESCs, iPSCs present no ethical concerns. Additionally, since ESCs are initially isolated from blastocysts that were not implanted, they are never of autologous origin, hence may elicit immunological rejection if injected into the patients. First, since the hESCs are associated with using human embryos at the blastocyst stage, they are associated with ethical considerations. HESCs have been used in several studies and thereby have shown success in clinical trials initially, though their usage has been challenged. The stem cells derived by Yamanaka, now known as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have been studied ever since to increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of various diseases, and aid in developing novel treatment methods. Thereafter, in 2006, Shinya Yamanaka managed to successfully reprogram adult somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells using four reprogramming factors-referred to as Yamanaka factors-namely, octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4), Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), and c-Myc. Continued research in subsequent years culminated in the first isolation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), by James Thomson in 1998. The notion of stem cell research was first introduced in the 1960s, from experiments conducted on mouse bone marrow. Stem cells are pluripotent, self-renewable cells with the capability of differentiating into various somatic cells. We lastly considered a few companies that are actively utilizing iPSCs in the development of therapies for various diseases, for whom the global trends in clinical trials could become increasingly important. This review highlights the impact that iPSC-based cell therapies can have, should development thereof gain more traction. Disorders of the circulatory, as well as nervous and visual systems, were all studied in equal measure. Conversely, Japan was the frontrunner in terms of conducting therapeutic trials, and the average number of participants was much lower, at roughly 29. In terms of nontherapeutic trials, the USA conducted the majority, a large average number of participants-187-was included in the trials, and studies on circulatory system disorders comprised a slightly higher proportion of total studies. Our main observations included global distribution, purpose, target size, and types of disorder relevant to evaluated trials. Comparisons were firstly drawn between observational and interventional studies before the latter was further analyzed in terms of therapeutic and nontherapeutic trials. Data were derived both from well-known registries recording clinical trials from across the globe, and databases from individual countries. Herein, our aim was to determine trends in globally conducted clinical trials involving iPSCs. However, despite the immense cell therapy potential, relatively few clinical trials evaluating iPSC-technology have actually translated into interventional, clinically applied treatment regimens. In 2006, the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) was presented to the world, paving the way for the development of a magnitude of novel therapeutic alternatives, addressing a diverse range of diseases.
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